1st week
- General structure of atoms. Chemical elements of the living organisms, their atomic orbitals, and electron configurations. Periodic properties of atoms.
- States of matter. Primary chemical bonds and secondary interactions.
2nd week
- Solutions. Types of solutions. Types of concentration.
- Solubility of solid, liquid or gaseous solutes. Precipitation and the solubility product.
3rd week
- Acid-base reactions. Definition of pH, the pH scale. Examples for strong and weak acids or bases.
- Chemical equilibria, Le Chatelier’s principle, acid-base buffer solutions.
4th week
- Redox reactions. Changes in the oxidation number and transfer of electrons. Voltaic cells.
- Standard reduction potentials. The effect of temperature, pressure and concentrations on the reduction potential.
5th week
- Heat of the chemical reactions. Exothermic and endothermic reactions. The conservation of energy.
- Changes in entropy and in free enthalpy. Driving force of natural processes. Entropy and the state of matter.
6th week
- The rate of a chemical reaction, and its dependence on temperature. The activation energy and catalysis.
- Carbon and its inorganic compounds.
7th week
- Nitrogen and its its inorganic compounds.
- Posphorous, sulfur and their inorganic compounds.
8th week
- Oxygen and its inorganic compounds.
- Sulfur and their inorganic compounds.
9th week
- Carbon-carbon covalent bonds in organic chemistry. Saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds. Isomerism in organic compounds I. Types and examples
- Functional groups. Types of organic chemical reactions. Alcohols and phenols. Their reactions and physical properties.
10th week
- Ethers. Oxidized derivatives of alcohols. Biologically important aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
- Amines and imines. Their types and the most important chemical reactions.
11th week
- Condensed bonds in organic compounds (ether, ester, amide, anhydride, Schiff base).
- Special roles of phosphate esters in biology. Sulfur atoms in bioorganic molecules (thiols, thioesters, disulfides).
12th week
- Structure and biological functions of lipids (hydrolizable and non-hydrolizable lipids).
- Monosaccharides and disaccharides: definition, classification, most important
representatives.
13th week
- Isomerism in organic compounds II. Types and examples
- Proteinogenic amino acids: classification, examples, peptide bond.
14th week
- Peptides. Structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternery) and functions.
- Nucleotides and nucleic acids: building blocks, purines and pyrimidines, polymer structure, base pairing.
Recommended reading: John E. McMurry, Fay, Robert C. Fay: Chemistry, 6th edition, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.